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Marcelino Oreja Elósegui
Marcelino Oreja Elósegui (1894 - 1934) was a Spanish entrepreneur, Catholic activist and Carlist politician.
==Family and youth==
Marcelino Oreja Elósegui was descendant to a petty bourgeoisie Basque family, originating from the Gipuzkoan town of Orexa.〔according to Marcelino Oreja Aguirre, ''Antecedentes de la Revolución de octubre de 1934 y su repercusión en el País Vasco'', () ''Euskonews'' s/d, available (here ); José María Urkia Etxabe, ''Benigno Oreja, pionero de la Urología en Euskadi'', () ''Noticias de Gipuzkoa'', 15.10.14 claims that the family was from “localidades navarras de Atayo y Arriba” see (here )〕 His paternal grandfather was a physician.〔Urkia Etxabe 2014〕 His father, Basilio Oreja Echaniz, settled in the Biscay Ibarrangelu and since the late 1870s also practiced as a doctor,〔he is first time mentioned in ''Anuario-almanaque del comercio, de la industria, de la magistratura y de la administración'' of 1879, p. 1215, see (here )〕 in the early 20th century briefly serving also as a mayor.〔listed as alcalde in 1900 and 1902, compare ''Annual del comercio, de la industria, de la magistratura y de la administraction'', 2 (1900), p. 545, available (here ); in 1899 and 1904 he is listed as "medico", compare (here )〕 Marcelino's mother, Cecilia Elósegui Ayala, came from a distinguished and much branched Gipuzkoan family.〔Urkia Etxabe 2014〕 His older brothers were active in the Vascongadas branch of Carlism during the late Restoration period already. Basilio died early.〔''La Lectura Dominical'' 20.06.14 available (here )〕 Benigno made his name as a physician and one of urology pioneers in Gipuzkoa.〔see ''Benigno Oreja'' entry at ''Colegio Oficial de Médicos de Gipuzkoa'' website, available (here ); he was also active in the Carlist medical service during the Civil War, see Manuel Solórzano Sánchez, ''Las Margaritas. Enfermeras del Partido Carlista'', () ''Enfermeria avanza'' service available (here )〕 Ricardo became one of the Gipuzkoan party leaders; he was elected to the Cortes in 1920 and 1923,〔see ''Indice Historico de los Diputados'' at the official Cortes service, available (here )〕 during the Primo de Rivera dictatorship serving as gobernador civil of the Santander province.〔''La Vanguardia'' 03.03.25, compare also (here ), some internet sources wrongly claim it was Marcelino performing the governor role, see e.g. (here )〕 Both were members of the Francoist Cortes in the 1950s and 1960s.〔see ''Indice Historico de los Diputados'' available (here )〕
Marcelino Oreja was born to his parents rather late,〔the exact birth year remains somewhat unclear. José Luis Orella Martínez, ''El origen del primer Catolicismo social Español'', (thesis, Universidad de Educación a Distancia ), Madrid 2012, p. 235, claims he was born in 1896; the (Geni ) service indicates 1894, the same year is mentioned by Roberto Villa García, ''Las elecciones de 1933 en el País Vasco y Navarra'', Madrid 2007, ISBN 8498491150, 9788498491159, p. 272; ''Marcelino Oreja Elosegui'' entry at ''Auñamendi Eusko Entzikipedia'' available (here ) claims he was born in 1891〕 much junior than his older brothers,〔the birth year of his brother Benigno is also unclear. Some claim it was 1878, see Santiago Casas, ''Los Cursos Internacionales Católicos de San Sebastián (1935)'', () ''Sancho el Sabio'', 35 (2012), p. 152; some claim he was born in 1880, see Urkia Etxabe 2014; depending what birth of Marcelino is adopted, the difference between the two could be 11 or 18 years, see also José Antonio Martín Aguado, José R. Vilamor, ''Historia del Ya: sinfonía con final trágico'', Madrid 2012, ISBN 8415382502, 9788415382508, p. 49〕 and was brought up in a militantly Catholic ambience.〔Aguado, Vilamor 2012, p. 49〕 He studied civil engineering and graduated as ingeniero de caminos, canales y puertos,〔''La formación de la imagen del Colegio. La comunicación de ideas. El Think Tank. La Fundación'', () ''Fundación Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos'' website, available (here )/〕 in 1925 nominated “ingeniero en practicas”.〔''Madrid cientifico'' 1925, p. 16, available (here )
〕 He married Purificación Aguirre Isasi, descendant to a well-to-do Gipuzkoan family. Her father, Toribio Aguirre Ibarzabal, served as a Traditionalist officer during the Third Carlist War.〔''Marcelino Oreja habla de su padre'', () ''Diario Vasco'' 01.11.09, Josemari Velez de Mendizabal, ''Unión Cerrajera S.A. Riqueza centenaria'', () Josemari Velez de Mendizabal, José Ángel Barrutiabengoa, Juan Ramón Garai, ''“Ama” Cerrajera'', Donostia 2007, p. 58 (mentioned as “Second Carlist War”)〕 He became a member of new Basque industrial elites as co-founder, one of major shareholders and directing manager of the metalworking company Union Cerrajera.〔it specialised in supporting construction industry, manufacturing around 1,200 types of devices, Velez de Mendizabal 2007, p. 60; for shareholding structure see Velez de Mendizabal 2007, p. 55, for Aguirre’s managerial activities see p. 58 and passim〕 The posthumous son of Marcelino and Purificación, Marcelino Oreja Aguirre, was a Francoist diplomat and later Christian-Democrat politician;〔semi-official biography available at ''Centre Virtuel de la Connaissance sur l’Europe'' service (here )〕 in 2010 Juan Carlos de Borbon made him marquis of Oreja.〔see the ''Official Gazette'' available (here )〕
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